round pillars
polarization insenstive
polarization insenstive
rectangular pillars
for circular polarization
for circular polarization
cross-type pillar
x-arm length TM polarization
y-arm length TE polarization
x-arm length TM polarization
y-arm length TE polarization
heat map plot showing
transmission vs pillar height
calculated using RCWA
Pillar height selected for
good transmission across
pillar radii
phase vs pillar radius
calculated using RCWA
Pillars from 0-to-2pi phase
are selected and saved in
a meta-atom library
to use as building blocks
for metasurface layout
englarged GDS mask showing
meta-atoms placed at positions
in the metasurface to minimize
target wavefront error
meta-atoms placed at positions
in the metasurface to minimize
target wavefront error
rectangular and cross-shape
meta-atoms placed at each
position on the surface
according to the phase with
the lowest target wavefront
error
meta-atoms placed at each
position on the surface
according to the phase with
the lowest target wavefront
error
GDS mask showing metasurface
layout with weighted optimization
to split TE and TM polarization
Features of PlanOpSim MetaCell
Gratings: 1D, 2D, blazed, slanted, subwavelength, high NA,
volume holographic
Metasurface pillars
Full wave Maxwell solver
Rigorous Coupled Wave Analysis (RCWA)
Features of PlanOpSim MetaCell + MetaComponent
Metalenses: polarization sensitive and insensitive
Flat diffractive lenses
Beam shapers, beam splitters, diffusers, CGHs
Metagratings
Forward design - three ways:
Input phase as an analytical expression, such as a lens formula
Input Zemax wavefront surface response (binary2 surface)
Use Python to create customized wavefront
Inverse design: Input target pattern
Interative Fourier Transform Algorithm (IFTA) used for inverse design
to create alternative metalens
Parameter sweep to evaluate IFTA designs against merit functions
and minimize target pattern error
Export GDSII fabrication files
Types of User Licenses
PlanOpSim software is available for online operation or with a dongle for
local operation.
User licenses can either be permanent or annually renewable
subscriptions.
Subscription user licenses can reduce initial cost, offer more thorough
software evaluations or provide practical solutions for short-term
projects.
Subscription user licenses can be converted to permanent licenses
Zemax interface
Importing Zemax files into PlanOpSim for metalens and grating
applications extends Zemax ray tracing to fully vectorial
physical optics modeling and physical structure designs.
A full wave Maxwell solver and RCWA analysis are used to create
individual metacells and to build libraries of meta-atoms for
metasurface design.
Exporting metalens and grating designs to Zemax makes it easy to include
PlanOpSim's physical optics results in familiar optical system layouts in
Zemax.
Forward design - three ways
An analytical expression, such as a lens formula, can be used to input the
ideal design.
Zemax can be imported as a wavefront surface response (binary2 surface).
A customized input wavefront can be described in a Python script
Inverse design - and IFTA
For inverse design a target pattern is imported, such as a JSON
image file.
Iterative Fourier Transform Algorithm (IFTA) is used to create a
metasurface phase design. IFTA starts by creating a random
phase distribution in the near field, based on an input
far field amplitude.
The projected pattern is evaluated against the target, and each
iteration improves the phase design until a desired pattern
is developed.
It takes PlanOpSim just seconds to develop, evaluate and improve
mutiple metasurface phase designs.
Then, optimization by a parameter sweep shows the best choice based on
design criteria.
Parameter sweep
The Parameter Sweep in PlanOpSim is used to optimize designs for
best performance and fabrication
Minimum and maximum ranges for each parameter can be specified,
as well as the number of steps to vary in each range.
Parameters can be varied linearly or randomly.
The Parameter Sweep also makes it easy to see how performance
changes when varying such parameters as wavelength
and angle of incidence.
Results, including spot size, spot location and wavefront can be shown
quickly, and they can be changed using a separate slider bar
for each variable.
PlanOpSim MetaCell - RCWA
The MetaCell program is for defining layers of structures for metasurface
pillars, as well as for gratings and coatings.
For gratings and coatings these structures can be individual layers
each having its own material and thickness.
For metasurfaces these structures can be individual pillars.
Pillar designs include selection of materials, dimensions and shapes.
PlanOpSim includes round, rectangular and cross-shaped pillars.
The MetaCell program includes a full wave Maxwell solver and
Rigorous Coupled Wave Analysis (RCWA) for simulating the phase
and transmission of gratings, coatings and pillars.
Pillar height is easy to choose from the RCWA heat map plot
(shown on the left).
The heat map shows transmission vs height and pillar radius.
A pillar height with high transmission across the range of pillar sizes,
and also having a practical fabrication size, can be determined from
the heat map.
The RCWA plot of pillar phase vs pillar radius is then used to select
pillars within 0-to-2pi phase to include in pillar groups called meta-atoms.
These pillar groups are sometimes called nanoscale building blocks.
Each meta-atom (pillar group) can be stored in a library, along with other
meta-atoms.
A meta-atom includes pillars of the same height, but they can be
different shapes.
Meta-atoms in the library are used by the PlanOpSim Meta Component
program to construct metasurface layouts, as described in the next
section.
PlanOpSim MetaComponent
The MetaComponent program is for creating and optimizing metasurface
structures and exporting GDSII fabrication files.
The MetaComponent program uses meta-atoms from the MetaCell library
to design a metasurface. The metasurface is constructed of spatially
varying meta-atoms. PlanOpSim places a meta-atom at each location
on the surface determined by a weighted least square error optimization
compared to the phase and amplitude given by the target.
The finished metasurface design is used to export a GDSII fabrication file.
On the left is one example of a GDSII metasurface consisting of
round pillars and another with a combination of rectangular and
cross-shape pillars.
Click on each image to enlarge it.
layout with weighted optimization
to split TE and TM polarization
Metalens and Grating Simulation and Design
Features of PlanOpSim MetaCell
Gratings: 1D, 2D, blazed, slanted, subwavelength, high NA,
volume holographic
Metasurface pillars
Full wave Maxwell solver
Rigorous Coupled Wave Analysis (RCWA)
Features of PlanOpSim MetaCell + MetaComponent
Metalenses: polarization sensitive and insensitive
Flat diffractive lenses
Beam shapers, beam splitters, diffusers, CGHs
Metagratings
Forward design - three ways:
Input phase as an analytical expression, such as a lens formula
Input Zemax wavefront surface response (binary2 surface)
Use Python to create customized wavefront
Inverse design: Input target pattern
Interative Fourier Transform Algorithm (IFTA) used for inverse design
to create alternative metalens
Parameter sweep to evaluate IFTA designs against merit functions
and minimize target pattern error
Export GDSII fabrication files
Types of User Licenses
PlanOpSim software is available for online operation or with a dongle for
local operation.
User licenses can either be permanent or annually renewable
subscriptions.
Subscription user licenses can reduce initial cost, offer more thorough
software evaluations or provide practical solutions for short-term
projects.
Subscription user licenses can be converted to permanent licenses
Zemax interface
Importing Zemax files into PlanOpSim for metalens and grating
applications extends Zemax ray tracing to fully vectorial
physical optics modeling and physical structure designs.
A full wave Maxwell solver and RCWA analysis are used to create
individual metacells and to build libraries of meta-atoms for
metasurface design.
Exporting metalens and grating designs to Zemax makes it easy to include
PlanOpSim's physical optics results in familiar optical system layouts in
Zemax.
Forward design - three ways
An analytical expression, such as a lens formula, can be used to input the
ideal design.
Zemax can be imported as a wavefront surface response (binary2 surface).
A customized input wavefront can be described in a Python script
Inverse design - and IFTA
For inverse design a target pattern is imported, such as a JSON
image file.
Iterative Fourier Transform Algorithm (IFTA) is used to create a
metasurface phase design. IFTA starts by creating a random
phase distribution in the near field, based on an input
far field amplitude.
The projected pattern is evaluated against the target, and each
iteration improves the phase design until a desired pattern
is developed.
It takes PlanOpSim just seconds to develop, evaluate and improve
mutiple metasurface phase designs.
Then, optimization by a parameter sweep shows the best choice based on
design criteria.
Parameter sweep
The Parameter Sweep in PlanOpSim is used to optimize designs for
best performance and fabrication
Minimum and maximum ranges for each parameter can be specified,
as well as the number of steps to vary in each range.
Parameters can be varied linearly or randomly.
The Parameter Sweep also makes it easy to see how performance
changes when varying such parameters as wavelength
and angle of incidence.
Results, including spot size, spot location and wavefront can be shown
quickly, and they can be changed using a separate slider bar
for each variable.
PlanOpSim MetaCell - RCWA
The MetaCell program is for defining layers of structures for metasurface
pillars, as well as for gratings and coatings.
For gratings and coatings these structures can be individual layers
each having its own material and thickness.
For metasurfaces these structures can be individual pillars.
Pillar designs include selection of materials, dimensions and shapes.
PlanOpSim includes round, rectangular and cross-shaped pillars.
The MetaCell program includes a full wave Maxwell solver and
Rigorous Coupled Wave Analysis (RCWA) for simulating the phase
and transmission of gratings, coatings and pillars.
Pillar height is easy to choose from the RCWA heat map plot
(shown on the left).
The heat map shows transmission vs height and pillar radius.
A pillar height with high transmission across the range of pillar sizes,
and also having a practical fabrication size, can be determined from
the heat map.
The RCWA plot of pillar phase vs pillar radius is then used to select
pillars within 0-to-2pi phase to include in pillar groups called meta-atoms.
These pillar groups are sometimes called nanoscale building blocks.
Each meta-atom (pillar group) can be stored in a library, along with other
meta-atoms.
A meta-atom includes pillars of the same height, but they can be
different shapes.
Meta-atoms in the library are used by the PlanOpSim Meta Component
program to construct metasurface layouts, as described in the next
section.
PlanOpSim MetaComponent
The MetaComponent program is for creating and optimizing metasurface
structures and exporting GDSII fabrication files.
The MetaComponent program uses meta-atoms from the MetaCell library
to design a metasurface. The metasurface is constructed of spatially
varying meta-atoms. PlanOpSim places a meta-atom at each location
on the surface determined by a weighted least square error optimization
compared to the phase and amplitude given by the target.
The finished metasurface design is used to export a GDSII fabrication file.
On the left is one example of a GDSII metasurface consisting of
round pillars and another with a combination of rectangular and
cross-shape pillars.
Click on each image to enlarge it.
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